Base load refers to the minimum amount of electric power delivered or required over a given period at a steady rate. Base load power plants operate continuously because they are the most efficient and lowest-cost generators. Coal, nuclear, and large hydroelectric plants traditionally serve base load demand. As renewables grow, the concept of base load is evolving — solar and wind can now contribute to base load in some regions, supported by battery storage.
Base Load
The minimum level of electricity demand over a 24-hour period, typically supplied by always-on power plants.
Related Terms
Peak Demand
The maximum electricity consumption in a grid during a specific period, typically hot summer afternoons.
Capacity Factor
The ratio of actual electricity output to maximum possible output over a period, measuring plant efficiency.
Generation Mix
The combination of energy sources (coal, gas, nuclear, renewables) used to produce a state's electricity.